EAR (US Export Administration Regulations)

EAR — Export Administration Regulations, codified at 15 CFR 730-774 — is the United States regulation controlling the export and reexport of commercial and dual-use items, including technology and software. While ITAR governs defense articles, EAR governs commercial items with potential military or proliferation applications. Most non-defense PLM data classified at the part level falls under EAR rather than ITAR.

Scope

Items are classified by Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) on the Commerce Control List (CCL). Exporters must determine the ECCN, identify the country of destination, assess reasons for control (national security, missile technology, chemical/biological weapons, encryption, etc.), and apply for licenses where required. The EAR also enforces Entity List, Denied Persons List, and end-use/end-user restrictions. PLM systems are where ECCN attributes, country-of-origin, and license-determination evidence live per part.

Relationships (see sidebar)

• Normative for the Document Vault (access controls), Classification Schema (ECCN tagging), and the Workflow Engine (export-screening routing).
• Companion to ITAR (defense articles) — the two regimes together cover US export-control jurisdiction.

Steward

US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS).