Sustainability & Life Cycle Assessment

Sustainability & LCA is the transverse process that quantifies a product’s environmental footprint across its full lifecycle — raw-material extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use, and end-of-life — and feeds the result back into design and sourcing decisions. ISO 14040 / 14044 codify the methodology; the EU CSRD, ESPR, and Digital Product Passport regulations now make it a market-access requirement, not a marketing nice-to-have.

Scope

  • Goal & scope definition — functional unit, system boundaries, allocation rules, cut-off criteria.
  • Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) — material, energy, and emissions data per BOM line, sourced from supplier disclosures and LCA databases.
  • Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) — climate, water, eutrophication, toxicity, resource depletion, circularity scoring.
  • Interpretation — sensitivity analysis, hotspot identification, design-for-environment (DfE) recommendations fed back to engineering.
  • Compliance reporting — REACH SVHC declarations, RoHS exemptions, WEEE recycling rates, EU Digital Product Passport content, scope-3 carbon attribution.
  • Circularity — recyclability targets, recycled-content thresholds, design-for-disassembly KPIs, take-back planning.

Relationships (see sidebar)